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|capital= Bonn |latd=50 |latm=44 |latNS=N |longd=7 |longm=6 |longEW=E |largest_city = Hamburg |common_languages = German |leader1 = Theodor Heuss |year_leader1 = 1949–1959 |leader2 = Heinrich Lübke |year_leader2 = 1959–1969 |leader3 = Gustav Heinemann |year_leader3 = 1969–1974 |leader4 = Walter Scheel |year_leader4 = 1974–1979 |leader5 = Karl Carstens |year_leader5 = 1979–1984 |leader6 = Richard von Weizsäckerb |year_leader6 = 1984–1990 |title_deputy = Chancellor |deputy1 = Konrad Adenauer |year_deputy1 = 1949–1963 |deputy2 = Ludwig Erhard |year_deputy2 = 1963–1966 |deputy3 = Kurt Georg Kiesinger |year_deputy3 = 1966–1969 |deputy4 = Willy Brandt |year_deputy4 = 1969–1974 |deputy5 = Helmut Schmidt |year_deputy5 = 1974–1982 |deputy6 = Helmut Kohlc |year_deputy6 = 1982–1990 |legislature = Bundestag |era = Cold War |event_start = Established |date_start = 23 May |year_start = 1949 |event_end = Reunification |date_end = 3 October |year_end = 1990 |stat_year1 = 1950 |stat_year2 = 1970 |stat_year3 = 1990 |stat_area3 = 248577 |stat_pop1 = 50958000d |stat_pop2 = 61001000 |stat_pop3 = 63254000 |GDP_PPP_year = 1990 |GDP = $946 billion |GDP_rank = 4th |currency = Deutsche Marke (DM) |currency_code = DEM |time_zone = CET |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = CEST |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = .de |calling_code = 49 |states = 10 |footnote_a = From 1952 to 1991, the official national anthem of Germany was ''Deutschlandlied'' in its entirety, but only the third stanza was to be sung in official events.〔() 〕 |footnote_b = Continued as President of the reunified Germany until 1994. |footnote_c = Continued as Chancellor of the reunified Germany until 1998. |footnote_d = Population statistics according to Statistisches Bundesamt.〔(Bevölkerungsstand )〕 |footnote_e = In Saarland, between January 1957 and July 1959, the French franc and Saar franc. |today = }} West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG ((ドイツ語:Bundesrepublik Deutschland) or ''BRD'') in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990. This period is referred to as the Bonn Republic ((ドイツ語:Bonner Republik)) by academic historians, an earlier term being the Bonn State ((ドイツ語:Bonner Staat)).〔The Bonn Republic — West German democracy, 1945-1990, Anthony James Nicholls, Longman, 1997〕 During this period NATO-aligned West Germany and Warsaw Pact-aligned East Germany were divided by the Inner German border. After 1961, West Berlin was physically separated from East Berlin as well as from East Germany by the Berlin Wall. This situation ended when East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the ten states of the Federal Republic of Germany along with the reunified city-state of Berlin. With the reunification of West and East Germany, the Federal Republic of Germany, enlarged now to sixteen states, became known simply as "Germany". The Federal Republic of Germany was established from eleven states formed in the three Allied Zones of occupation held by the United States, the United Kingdom and France (the "Western Zones"). Its population grew from roughly 51 million in 1950 to more than 63 million in 1990. The city of Bonn was its ''de facto'' capital city (Berlin was symbolically named the ''de jure'' capital city in the West German Basic Law). The fourth Allied occupation zone (the East Zone, or ''Ostzone'') was held by the Soviet Union. The parts of this zone lying east of the Oder-Neisse were in fact annexed by the Soviet Union and communist Poland; the remaining central part around Berlin became the communist German Democratic Republic (abbreviated GDR; in German ''Deutsche Demokratische Republik'' or ''DDR'') with its ''de facto'' capital in East Berlin. As a result, West Germany had a territory about half the size of the interbellum democratic Weimar Republic. At the onset of the Cold War, Germany (and, indeed, Europe) was divided among the Western and Eastern blocs. Germany was ''de facto'' divided into two countries and two special territories, the Saarland and divided Berlin. The Federal Republic of Germany claimed an exclusive mandate for all of Germany, considering itself to be the democratically reorganised continuation of the 1871-1945 German Reich. It took the line that the GDR was an illegally constituted puppet state. Though the GDR did hold regular elections, these were not free and fair. For all practical purposes the GDR was a Soviet puppet state. From the West German perspective the GDR was therefore illegitimate. Three southwestern states of West Germany merged to form Baden-Württemberg in 1952, and the Saarland joined the Federal Republic of Germany in 1957. In addition to the resulting ten states, West Berlin was considered an unofficial ''de facto'' 11th state. While legally not part of the Federal Republic of Germany, as Berlin was under the control of the Allied Control Council, West Berlin aligned itself politically with West Germany and was directly or indirectly represented in its federal institutions. Relations with the Soviet bloc improved during the era of 'Neue Ostpolitik' around 1970, and West Germany began taking the line of "two German states within one German nation", but formally maintained the exclusive mandate. It recognised the GDR as a ''de facto'' government within a single German nation that in turn was represented ''de jure'' by the West German state alone. From 1973 onward, East Germany recognised the existence of two German countries ''de jure'', and the West as both ''de facto'' and ''de jure'' foreign country. The Federal Republic and the GDR agreed that neither of them could speak in the name of the other one. The foundation for the influential position held by Germany today was laid during the ''Wirtschaftswunder'' (economic miracle) of the 1950s when West Germany rose from the enormous destruction wrought by World War II to become the world's third largest economy. The first chancellor Konrad Adenauer, who remained in office until 1963, had worked for a full alignment with the West rather than neutrality. He not only secured a membership in NATO but was also a proponent of agreements that developed into the present-day European Union. When the G6/G8 was established in 1975, there was no question whether the Federal Republic of Germany would be a member as well. With the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe in 1989, symbolised by the opening of the Berlin Wall, there was a rapid move towards German reunification. East Germany voted to dissolve itself and accede to the Federal Republic in 1990. Its five post-war states (''Länder'') were reconstituted along with the reunited Berlin, which ended its special status and formed an additional ''Land''. They formally joined the Federal Republic on 3 October 1990, raising the number of states from 10 to 16, ending the division of Germany. The expanded Federal Republic retained West Germany's political culture and continued its existing memberships in international organisations, as well as its Western foreign policy alignment and affiliation to Western alliances like NATO and the European Union. ==Naming conventions== (詳細はIn East Germany usage, the terms ''Westdeutschland'' (West Germany) or ''westdeutsche Bundesrepublik'' (West German Federal Republic) were preferred during the 1950s and 1960s. This changed once East Germany considered West Germans and West Berliners foreigners under its 1968 constitution, where the idea of a single German nation was abandoned. In the early 1970s, starting in the East German ''Neues Deutschland'', the initialism "BRD" (FRG) for the "Federal Republic of Germany" began to prevail. In 1973, official East German sources adopted it as a standard expression and other Eastern Bloc nations soon followed suit. In reaction to this move, in 1965 the Federal Minister of All-German Affairs Erich Mende issued the ''Directives for the appellation of Germany'' recommending avoiding the initialism. On 31 May 1974 the heads of German federal and state governments recommended to always use the full name in official publications. From then on West German sources avoided the abbreviated form, with the exception of left-leaning organizations which embraced it. In November 1979 the federal government informed the Bundestag that the West German public broadcasters ARD and ZDF had agreed to refuse to use the initialism.〔See in general: Stefan Schmidt, "Die Diskussion um den Gebrauch der Abkürzung «BRD»", in: ''Aktueller Begriff'', Deutscher Bundestag – Wissenschaftliche Dienste (ed.), No. 71/09 (4 September 2009) ()〕 The colloquial term "West Germany" or its equivalent was used in many languages. "Westdeutschland" was also a widespread colloquial form used in German-speaking countries, usually without political overtones. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「West Germany」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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